As system administrators, we have two responsibilities that never seem to go away: the first is to back up the data, and the second is to monitor everything. Starting with the number 10, the well-known and built-in top command, we'll test some of the best Linux monitoring tools in the terminal in this post.
We'll look at the top-level command in this article, which shows Linux processes and offers a real-time dynamic picture of an operating system's actual process activity. The most CPU-intensive operations done on the server are presented by default, and the list is refreshed every five seconds.
Top – Linux Process Monitoring
Linux Top Command is a performance monitoring application available on various Linux/UNIX-like operating systems that is widely used by system administrators to monitor Linux performance. The top-level command that exchanges and updates all active and running processes in the sorted list in real time. CPU, RAM, swap memory, cache size, buffer size, process PID, users, instructions, and much more are all displayed. It also displays that a running process is using a lot of memory and CPU. The top-level command is extremely customizable, allowing the system administrator to keep track of what's going on and take appropriate action as needed. Let's have a look at how the top command works.
vmstat
Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat) is a computer system monitoring tool that gathers and displays summary data on operating system memory, processes, interrupts, paging, and I/O blocking. Users of Vmstat can choose a sample interval that allows them to observe system activities in near-real time. Most Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as FreeBSD, Linux, and Solaris, support VMSTAT.
The Linux VMSTAT command is used to display statistics about virtual memory, core threads, disks, system processes, I/O blocks, interruptions, CPU activity, and more. By default, the vmstat command is not available on Linux systems, you must install a package called sysstat that includes the VMStat program.
htop is a system-screen-based interactive process watcher and operations manager. It was created as a replacement for Unix. It shows a constantly updated list of processes that are now executing on the computer, generally ordered by CPU use. Rather than the resource-intensive primary processes, htop now displays a comprehensive list of ongoing processes. Htop makes use of color to display information about the CPU, swap, and memory. Htop can also show operations in the form of a tree. Htop is a more advanced and interactive real-time Linux process monitoring tool. This is similar to the Linux command, but it has extensive functionality, such as an easy-to-use process management interface, keyboard shortcuts, portrait and landscape display of processes, and much more. Htop is a third-party tool and is not included with Linux systems. You need to install it using YUM Package Management Tool. For more installation information, please see our article below.
bmon is a text-based network monitoring and debugging application for UNIX-type computers that collects network-related information and presents them visually in an easy-to-understand style. It's an accurate and dependable real-time bandwidth meter and speed estimator.
The mpstat monitoring tool
The mpstat command writes to standard output activities for each available processor, where processor 0 is the first. The overall average activity of all processors is also reported. The mpstat command can be used on both SMP and UP machines, but only the global average activity is printed on the latter. If no activity is selected, the default report is the CPU Utilization report.
Tcpdump – Network Packet Analyzer
Tcpdump is a command-line network packet scanner or packet tracker for capturing or filtering TCP/IP packets received or sent over a network on a specific interface. It also allows you to save packages you've captured in a file for further examination. tcpdump is included in nearly every major Linux distribution.
Netstat – Network Statistics
Netstat is a command-line program for monitoring network packet statistics and interface statistics in both inbound and outgoing traffic. It's an excellent tool for monitoring network performance and troubleshooting network-related issues for any system administrator.
Iotop – Monitor Linux Disk I/O
Iotop is similar to the top command and the htop software, but it has an accounting function that allows you to track and show disk I/O and processes in real time. This program is quite important for determining the precise procedure and performing large disk read/write operations.
The iptraf interface monitoring tool
IPTRAF is a Linux Network Statistics Console Tool. TCP connection packets, byte count, interface statistics, activity indicators, TCP / UDP traffic failure, LAN station packets, and byte counts are all examples of numbers to collect.
IPTraf - Real Time IP Monitor
IPTraf is a Linux-based open source tool based on an IP LAN controller for real-time network monitoring. It gathers a range of information that goes outside the network, such as TCP tag information, ICMP data, TCP / UDP traffic failures, TCP packet connection, and bypass count, among other things. It also gathers data on TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, non-IP interfaces, IP scan failures, and interface activity, among other things.
Iostat – Input/Output Statistics
IoStat is a simple tool that collects and displays statistics of your Linux system's input and output storage devices. This tool is often used to track performance issues of storage devices including peripherals, local drives, and remote drives such as NFS.
Psacct or Acct – Monitor User Activity
Psacct or acct tools are quite handy for keeping track of every user's activity in the system. Both applications operate in the background and keep track of each user's total activity as well as the resources they consume. These tools let system administrators keep track of each user's behavior, including what they do, the commands they issue, the quantity of resources they consume, and the length of time they spend in the system, among other things.
Monit – Linux Process and Services Monitoring
Monit is a web-based, open-source process monitoring application that monitors and manages system processes, programs, files, directories, rights, checksums, and file systems automatically. Services such as Apache, MySQL, Mail, FTP, ProFTP, Nginx, SSH, and others are monitored. The status of the system may be examined via the command line or a separate online interface.
NetHogs – Monitor Per Process Network Bandwidth
NetHogs is a useful free source application (similar to the Linux command) that monitors your system's network activities. It also keeps real-time track of the network traffic bandwidth utilized by each program or application.
The atop performance monitoring tool
Atop is an ASCII full-screen performance monitor that can capture and report server process activity. High keeps running in the background for long-term server inspection, which is a feature I particularly appreciate (up to 28 days by default). By default, the top displays system activity for the CPU, RAM, swap, hard drives, and network at 10-second intervals once it is launched. For each process and thread, you can also examine CPU consumption, memory usage, disk I/O, priority, user name, status, and even output codes.
iftop – Network Bandwidth Monitoring
Iftop is a terminal-based free open source system monitoring tool that shows a continuously updated list of network bandwidth consumption (source and destination hosts) going via your system's network interface. If you think about it, top performs the same thing for network consumption that ‘top‘ does for CPU usage. Iftop is a member of the ‘top‘ family of tools that monitors a specific interface and displays the current bandwidth use between two hosts.
Monitorix – System monitoring and Network Monitoring
Monitorix is a lightweight and free tool that can run and monitor as many system and network resources as possible on Linux/Unix servers in real time. This is a straightforward tool. It features an integrated HTTP web server that gathers and graphs system and network data on a regular basis. Average consumption and workload, storage allocation, disk driver status, system services, network connections, email statistics (Sendmail, Postfix, Dovecot, etc.), MySQL statistics, and much more are all monitored. Its purpose is to keep track of overall system performance and discover faults, bottlenecks, and unusual behavior, among other things.
Arpwatch – Ethernet Activity Monitor
Arpwatch is a software that monitors Ethernet network traffic on a Linux network for address resolution (MAC address changes and IP). Monitors Ethernet traffic in real time and keeps track of changes to IP and MAC addresses as well as timestamps on the network. It also includes a feature that sends email notifications to the administrator when a new or updated association is created. Detecting ARP spoofing in a network is quite valuable.
Nagios – Network/Server Monitoring
Nagios is a popular open source, high-performance monitoring solution that helps network and system administrators detect and address server-related problems before they disrupt critical business operations. In a single window, the Nagios system allows administrators to monitor Linux, Windows, switches, routers, and remote printers. It provides crucial warnings and indicates if something went wrong on your network/server, allowing you to take remedial actions before they happen.
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